The Laws of War as Applied to Human Security:

A Case Study Analysis of the Protection of Civilians in Pakistan during Internal Conflicts.

Table of Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………….…2
Thanks/Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………2
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Overview……………………………………………………………………………….………3
Research Questions and Aims………………………………………………………………….4
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………………6
Overview of the Application of IHL to Internal Conflicts………………………………………..13
Non-International Armed Conflicts: Focus on the Protection of Civilians…………………………………………………………………………………..13
Non-State Armed Groups ………………………..…..15
The Protection of Civilians in the Context of the Internal Conflict in Pakistan………………17
Improving Implementation and Monitoring of International Humanitarian Law………..……20
Role of Government, Judicial Authorities, and International Organisations …………………….20
The Perspective of International Organisations………………………………………..23
Monitoring and Compliance Mechanisms 25
Case Study Analysis – Effects of Internal Conflict on Civilians in NW Pakistan………………28
Historical Overview of Fundamentalism in Pakistan………………………………………..28
The Effects of Conflict on Civilian Welfare in NW Pakistan……………………………….30
Challenges Faced By IDPs in Receiving Aid………………………………………………..35
Recommendations to Increase Civilian Welfare and Protection in NW Pakistan……………36
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….…..…41
References…………………………………………………………………………………….………44