Healthcare and Life Sciences
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Reflective Paper: Combining Nurse Leader With Advocacy
$10.00Rate yourself using the results from the “Nurse Manager Skills Inventory”: http:\\www.aacn.org/wd/practice/docs/nurse-manager-inventory-tool.pdf?menu=practice – 2012-04-19
Write a reflection of 750-1,000 words in which you identify your strengths and weaknesses related to the four content areas below:
- Personal and professional accountability
- Career planning
- Personal journey disciplines
- Reflective practice reference behaviors/tenets
Discuss how you will use your current leadership skill set to advocate for change in your workplace.
Identify one personal goal for your leadership growth and discuss your implementation plan to achieve that goal
Cognitive Communication Treatment of TBI (traumatic brain injury)
$39.00Research Project:
You are required to prepare either a research paper on the topic of THE COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION TREATMENT OF TBI related to diagnosis and treatment of that adult language disorder. It should contain information regarding the etiology, descriptions of the neurobehavioral and language characteristics, and a thorough overview of treatment of the disorder. The focus of this presentation should be on the research related to treatment of the disorder as it applies to the field of speech-language pathology.
Please follow the following submission criteria for a presentation:
The presentation should include information from the book, credible websites, and 2—3 treatment efficacy studies from the literature. It should also include a YouTube video, if possible. Eight sources are required. More than 8 can be used.
One of the objectives of this presentation is to promote the understanding of the relationship between research and clinical practice in the area of treatment. Therefore, only articles which apply to the subject of language and communication treatments administered by an SLP should be utilized. Do not include information on pediatric treatment.The submission criteria for the research paper include the following:
An 8-10 page double-spaced typed paper, APA style, 12 font (Courier or Times Roman). A copy of all articles, info from books, and other sources must be included.
The body of the paper should be 6-8 pages of text in length. Papers longer OR shorter will receive a deduction.
It should contain at least 8 sources; 4 to be peer-reviewed journals, the remainder (the other 4) can be from books and Internet sources which are highly credible. If you cannot substantiate that the website has credibility as an authoritative entity it should not be used. More than 8 sources can be used. You may use your text book, however, it only counts as one source (even if you use multiple chapters) and does not count as peer reviewed material. Articles should be 10 years old or newer with most written with then last 10 years. If older articles are used, they should represent key concepts of the disorder described and the principles related should still be considered accurate and within practice standards. Overuse of secondary sources will count against you. Get the original sources for the paper.
HEALTH AND HEALTH BEHAVIOUR 130 – WORKBOOK (cchhb130_workbook)
$49.00Question Instructions
- These questions on how gender, culture and socioeconomic status impact on health will be discussed in the week 4 workshop (in class for internal students or online for external students).
- Please use the answers discussed in your class AND your Health and Health Behaviour 130 textbook (Reading 4) for information on the impact of gender and culture on health, no other resources are required.
- Cite and reference all information you use from the textbook. You do not need to cite ideas suggested in your class or your own opinions.
- There are two parts to each question, ensure you address both parts of each question – examples of how gender, culture and socioeconomic status impact on health AND your opinion on how much is social structure and how much is social agency. You need to demonstrate your understanding of the concepts of social structure and social agency, don’t just say ’50/50′
- Describe examples of how gender impacts on health and wellbeing? Justify how much YOU think is human agency and how much is social structure? (Approx. 150-200 words)
- Describe examples of how culture impacts on health and wellbeing? Justify how much YOU think is human agency and how much is social structure? (Approx. 150-200 words)
- Describe examples of how socioeconomic status impacts on health and wellbeing? Justify how much YOU think is human agency and how much is social structure? (Approx. 150-200 words)
Workbook Activity (Week 5) – Psychological Influences on health and wellbeing
Weekly Learning Outcomes
- Discuss how stress impacts on health and how it interrelates with social and biological determinants.
- Discuss how the psychological processes of appraisal and coping can impact on health.
Textbook Reading
Reading 5: Understanding mind and body interactions
Question Instructions
- As discussed in your textbook Reading 5 and the workshop for this week the way we think and feel are not separate from our physical wellbeing. This week’s workbook activity will require you to read the HHB130 textbook Reading 5 ‘Understanding mind and body interactions’ (in particular the case study ‘Martin O’Connor and Irritable bowel Syndrome pages 79, 83, 86) and answer the following three questions.
- The case study brings together several concepts explored in Reading 5, don’t just look in the case study for answers, read the whole Reading and think about how what you are reading may apply to Martin.
- You may need to apply your knowledge from week 4 and also week 8 (biological determinants) to answer these questions well.
- Cite and reference all information you use from the textbook. You do not need to cite ideas suggested in your class or your own opinions. No other resources are required to answer these questions.
- Identify
- The psychological and physiological factors that may have contributed to Martin developing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and
- How these factors can reinforce and maintain these symptoms .
(Approx 150-175 words)
- How will reducing Martin’s stress levels assist in improving his symptoms? Please consider the interactions between emotions and physical states when answering this question. (Approx 150-175 words)
Workbook Activity (Week 8) – Biological Influences on health and wellbeing
Weekly Learning Outcomes
- Discuss the impact of the following biological influences on health: genetics, ethnicity, age, gender and physiological differences.
- Discuss how the impacts of these are interrelated with each other and with environmental, social and psychological influences.
Textbook Reading
Reading 6: Human genetics and human inheritance: biological, social, cultural and environmental perspectives.
Question Instructions
- The first four questions on epigenetics can be answered after viewing the 50 minute Horizon documentary ‘The Ghost in Your Genes’ which you can watch on You Tube (there are 5 parts to the documentary) which link to each other http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5RMSgiaijk&index=2&list=PLdZ9Lagj8np1rVpzQ1mgsQ9-FttMrbpKh
- The 5th question must be answered using your textbook Reading 6. No other resources are required. Remember to cite any information you use from the reading. You do not need to cite and reference the documentary
- List the environmental factors discussed in the documentary that may lead to a change in epigenetic “switches”? (Approx. 50 – 75 words)
- Discuss the psychological and social factors mentioned in the documentary that may lead to a change in epigenetic “switches”? (Approx. 50-75 words)
- What repercussions may this research have on individuals’ health behaviours? (Approx. 75-100 words)
- How may research into the field of epigenetics impact on the way health professionals work together? (Approx. 40-60 words)
- From your textbook Reading and class discussion describe multiple factors (social, psychological, environmental) that may influence an individual’s behaviour around predictive testing for a disease. (Approx. 100-150 words)
Workbook Activity (Week 9) – How we influence health behaviours
Weekly Learning Outcomes
- Discuss the role of behaviour change theories and how they assist health professionals to influence health behaviour.
- Apply a behaviour change theory to a health issue
Textbook Reading
Reading 7: Understanding health behaviour
Question Instructions
- Select 1 (one) risky health behaviour from the list below and describe how this risky behaviour impacts on the health of Australians.
- Name the health behaviour you have chosen at question 2.
- Avoid the same behaviour as you may have discussed in your essay so you do not inadvertently self-plagiarise information.
- You must continue with the same risky health behaviour for the remainder of the workbook activities, do not change to a different behaviour.
- Please use at least 3 credible, academic resources (no websites, media, fact sheets) to answer this question and cite appropriately. Credible resources are also recent and relevant to the behaviour.
- All references need to be on the last page of the workbook along with any other references (including textbook chapters) you have used in completing the workbook assessment.
- You will be working on this activity in the tutorials in weeks 10-12 so you do not need to start it until then.
- Your answer should include statistics as well as the discussion of the impact on health. Remember that the definition of health includes physical, mental, social and emotional health, so include what is relevant to the chosen health behaviour.
- The beginning of Reading 7 in your textbook (revised edition) describes risk behaviours as background information for you.
- Choose a risky health behaviour from the list below:
Not following safe food hygiene practices Incorrect taking of medication Unhealthy eating in adulthood Being physically inactive Drinking alcohol in pregnancy Unsafe driving Not wearing sun protection Not vaccinating children - Which risky health behaviour have you chosen?
3. Describe how this risky behaviour impacts on the health of Australians. (Approx. 300 – 330 words)
Workbook Activity (Week 10) – How we influence the health behaviours of individuals and families
Weekly Learning Outcomes
- Applying behaviour change theories, discuss strategies to change the health behaviours of individuals and families.
Textbook Reading
Reading 8: How to change health behaviour
Question Instructions
- Select one model of health behaviour:
- Health belief model
- Theory of planned behaviour
- Apply the selected behaviour change model to your chosen health behaviour from the week 9 activity. You could either apply it as a risky health behaviour or as a risk reduction or health promotion health behaviour e.g. the behaviour could either be drinking during pregnancy or not drinking during pregnancy.
- You can apply the model as a drawing (figure) or in text.
- For question 3, briefly discuss how you have applied the model to your behaviour (as if you were explaining the how the model relates to the behaviour to a friend). Your discussion should reflect that you have understood both the model and the health behaviour.
- You will need to include 1 citation and reference in the discussion for the model of health behaviour (question 3). As the original references for these models are old or difficult to access you can use more recent research which has applied the model you have chosen. A folder with links to suggested articles in e-reserve will be in the unit materials for week 10 and the Workbook folder in Assessments. You do not have to use these articles; you can use another one you find on the Curtin library catalogue.
- Which behaviour change model have you chosen?
Health belief model
Theory of planned behaviour
- In the space below, apply this model of behaviour change to your chosen behaviour from week 8 (you will do an example in the workshop). You can represent this as a diagram or in sentence form.
- Briefly discuss how you have applied the health behaviour model to your health behaviour. You will need to cite the model of health behaviour (see above instructions for details). (Approx. 200 – 220 words)
Workbook Activity (Week 11-12) – How we influence the health behaviours of communities and populations
Weekly Learning Outcomes
- Discuss models to influence health at the community level.
- Discuss the aims, essential services and principles of public health.
- Discuss the 5 actions of the Ottawa Charter and demonstrate how it can be used as the basis for an interprofessional approach to health interventions.
Textbook Readings
Reading 9: Community developments and partnerships
Reading 10: Introduction to health promotion
Reading 11: Interprofessional learning: working in teams
Question Instructions
- Describe 2 different strategies for changing the risky health behaviour you have discussed in previous two workbook activities, ideally Australian strategies, but international strategies can be used (specify which community / country).
- A strategy can include a health promotion campaign or intervention, advocacy, training, policy, community action etc.
- Note that media e.g. advertising, is often part of a larger campaign, it is this larger campaign we are looking for as one of the two strategies (not two individual actions of the same campaign).
- The 2 strategies need to be different from each other, run by different organisations and not from the same source.
- For each strategy you need to briefly describe (in 250-300 words for each strategy):
- Who the strategy targeted at.
- What the strategy is about.
- The actions of the strategy.
- When the strategy was in action or if it is current.
- How the strategy or actions of the strategy is attempting to change the behaviour.
- Which of the 5 actions of the Ottawa Charter this strategy addresses.
- The part(s) of the model of health behaviour you described in the week 10 workbook activity week this strategy addresses and how it is being addressed.
- Use and cite credible websites, journal articles or government reports for this information. Avoid media, fact sheets, blogs or any source that is not credible.
Strategy 1 (Approx. 250-300 words):
Please write your references used in the Workbook B here in APA format.
Strategy 2 (Approx. 250-300 words):
References
(List all references used to complete this workbook in APA format on this page).
Additional Files:
Evidence Informed Health Practice 130: Assessment 3 – Critical appraisal Answer Template
$30.00Evidence Informed Health Practice 130
Assessment 3 – Critical appraisal
Answer Template
Total MARKS /50
Please note: Agreeing to everything is not ‘critical thought’ and neither is disagreeing or objecting to everything. We would like to see the evidence of balanced critical thinking.
INSTRUCTIONS ON COMPLETING THE ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE:
This template has been provided to you as a blank template with the allocated marks for each question. Please DO NOT delete the mark allocation. If we have provided you with a word limit, please do not exceed the word limit.
- Please save your document as: Surname_ID_Assessment3
- Example: Atee_224034J_Assessment3
- Please submit your document as: Surname_ID_Assessment3
- Example: Atee_224034J_Assessment3
- Before submitting this template, please DELETE these red instructions and simply submit the document as question and answers (all black writing and pink mark allocation should remain).
- Carefully read each question and provide the answer requested for that question.
Q1. Briefly describe what the purpose of this study was? (1 mark)
Q2. Did the authors adequately justify the need for this study? Justify your answer. (2 mark)
Q3. What would be a suitable null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis for this study? (2 marks)
Q4. What is the level of evidence for ‘The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children’ (1 mark)
Q5. Do you think the study design is suitable? Justify your answer. (2 marks)
Q6. Describe one alternative study design that could have been used for this study? And describe how would you go about it? (2 marks)
Q7. Authors have described the sampling as two-stage stratified, clustered design. Briefly describe what this means (1 marks). Is this a type of non-probability sample? Yes/no, why? (2 mark)
Q8. The authors have reported ‘For the infant cohort, 8,921 families were sent a letter of invitation for participation in the study by Health Insurance Commission’ and response rate was 57.2% (including non-contacts). From this information, please calculate the number of families who responded to achieve this response rate? (1 mark)
Q9. What is the operational definition of ‘Hospitalisation’? (1 mark)
Q10. Correctly identify the following variables as nominal, ordinal and ratio/interval by placing a tick mark (✓) in the table provided below. (5 marks, 0.5 each)
Variable Nominal Ordinal Interval/Ratio Five point Likert scale of the global overall health rating Age of infants in five groups Birth weights of infants Final standardised variable calculated after adding overall health rating and needs screening score. Mean visits to any service Region of residence Family income per week Marital status Remoteness classification Indigenous status Q11. Based on following data from Table 1 please provide brief description and interpretation of the odds ratios, confidence intervals and whether or not the results are statistically significant and why (10 marks)
Hospital outpatient clinic – Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 1.82 (1.16, 2.85)
Hospital outpatient clinic – Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 1.82 (1.16, 2.85)
Hospital emergency ward – Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 1.19 (0.85, 1.66)
Maternal and child health nurse visits – Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 0.45 (0.32, 0.63)
Other specialist – Odds Ratio (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.33, 1.22)
Q12. In Table 1 under the column of Crude Odds Ratio (95%CI) recalculate and show how the authors have calculated the odds ratio for ‘General Practitioner’ as 0.45. Draw and label a 2×2 table first (1 mark) and show your calculations (1 mark). Provide correct and complete interpretation of OR and its significance based on p value and 95%CI provided in the table. (2 mark)
Q13. Authors have reported no difference in the average age of non-indigenous and indigenous infants, why? Please explain and justify briefly. (1 mark)
Q14. In Table 3, for ‘Remoteness classification’ which group is used as reference or comparison group? How do you know this? (1 mark)
Q15. What are two potential biases/limitations of this particular study and how would these influence the results? Your answer should be in particular reference to this paper Please do not include the limitations that authors have already mentioned in the paper. (2 marks)
Q16. What are the two advantages/strengths of this study? Your answer should be in particular reference to this paper. Please do not include the strengths or advantages that authors have already mentioned in the paper. (2 marks)
Q17. Do you think the researchers measured the use of different health care services accurately? Yes/No and Why? What else they could have done to improve the quality of data? (3 marks)
Q18. The researchers used a five point Likert scale of global overall health rating to measure the health status of the infants. Do you think this was appropriate? Why do you think so? (2 marks)
Q19. Using ‘Indigenous status’ as independent variable and ‘Health services utilisation’ as dependent variable:
What could be a possible Type I statistical error. (1 mark)
What could be a possible Type II statistical error. (1 mark)
Q20. Summarise the main findings of the study? Do you think that the findings of the study are valid? Would you trust these results? Support your argument with justification in less than 300 words. (3 marks)
Additional Files:
The-comparison-of-health-status-and-health.pdf
assessment_3_important_info.docx
Trends Impacting the Inpatient or Outpatient Settings
$5.00Trends Impacting the Inpatient or Outpatient Settings
Based on your background readings, and your Case/SLP assignments,
1.Analyze and evaluate the two most salient trends impacting the inpatient or outpatient setting.
2.What are the positive and negative impacts of the trends you have identified?
3.Are the trends you have identified sustainable?Role of Child-directed Speech in the Process of First Language Acquisition
$24.00Question: Discuss the role of child-directed speech in the process of first language acquisition. Are there any implications for second language learning?
Additional Paper Requirements:
All essays should include specific examples in support of your discussion. The examples may be drawn from your readings, or from data which you have obtained from existing corpora such as CHILDES. Credit will be given for the range of examples used, and for the precision with which they are discussed and incorporated into your argument.
Remember: The essay must not simply be a summary of the lecture slides, but demonstrate your critical thinking and range of reading!
Pages: 8, double spaced
Citation: APA
PharmaCARE – Intellectual Property issues Case analysis
$25.00Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property
You are a new associate at the law firm of Dewey, Chetum, and Howe. John, a former researcher at PharmaCARE, comes to your office. He has concerns about PharmaCARE’s use of AD23, one of the company’s top-selling diabetes drugs. Two (2) years ago, after PharmaCARE’s research indicated that AD23 might also slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, John and his team of pharmacists began reformulating the drug to maximize that effect. In order to avoid the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) scrutiny, PharmaCARE established a wholly-owned subsidiary, CompCARE, to operate as a compounding pharmacy to sell the new formulation to individuals on a prescription basis. CompCARE established itself in a suburban office park near its parent’s headquarters. To conserve money and time, CompCARE did a quick, low-cost renovation.
CompCARE benefited from PharmaCARE’s reputation, databases, networks, and sales and marketing expertise, and within six (6) months had the medical community buzzing about AD23. Demand soared, particularly among Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs patients. Seeing the opportunity to realize even more profit, CompCARE began advertising AD23 directly to consumers and marketing the drug directly to hospitals, clinics, and physician offices, even though compounding pharmacies are not permitted to sell drugs in bulk for general use. To circumvent this technicality, CompCARE encouraged doctors to fax lists of fictitious patient names to CompCARE. PharmaCARE sold CompCARE to WellCo, a large drugstore chain, just weeks before AD23 was publicly linked to over 200 cardiac deaths.
As CompCARE and its new parent company enjoyed record profits and PharmaCARE’s stock price approached $300 per share, reports started surfacing that people who received AD23 seemed to be suffering heart attacks at an alarming rate. The company ignored this data and continued filling large orders and paying huge bonuses to all the executives and managers, including John, whose wife recently died from a heart attack after using AD23.
John has come to you with an internal company memo describing the potential problems with AD23, and information describing the company’s willingness “roll the dice” and continue to market the drug. Your senior partner has asked you to write a memo outlining the following issues for review by the senior partners.
In preparation for this assignment, use the Internet or Strayer Library to research examples of intellectual property theft that occurred within the past two (2) years.
Write an eight (8) page paper in which you:
- Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question.
- Argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing by drug companies. Provide support for your response.
- Determine the parties responsible for regulating compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, the actions that either these parties or the FDA could / should have taken in this scenario, and whether PharmaCARE could face legal exposure surrounding its practices. Support your response.
- Analyze the manner in which PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property and if John has any claim to being the true “inventor” of AD23. Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate John for the use of his intellectual property.
- Summarize at least one (1) current example (within the past two [2] years) of intellectual property theft, and examine the effect on that company’s brand.
- Analyze the potential issue surrounding the death of John’s wife and other potential litigants against PharmaCARE as a result of AD23.
- Specify both the major arguments that John can make to claim that he is a whistleblower and the type of protections that he should be afforded. Justify your response.
- Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable reference and proprietary Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements
- Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
- Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
PharmaCARE Case: Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World
$22.50PharmaCARE (We CARE about YOUR health®) is one of the world’s most successful pharmaceutical companies, enjoying a reputation as a caring, ethical and well-run company that produces high-quality products that save millions of lives and enhance the quality of life for millions of others. The company offers free and discounted drugs to low-income consumers, has a foundation that sponsors healthcare educational programs and scholarships, and its CEO serves on the PhRMA board. PharmaCARE recently launched a new initiative, We CARE about YOUR world®, pledging its commitment to the environment through recycling, packaging changes and other green initiatives, despite the fact that the company’s lobbying efforts and PAC have successfully defeated environmental laws and regulations,including extension of the Superfund tax, which was created by Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Based in New Jersey, PharmaCARE maintains a large manufacturing facility in the African nation of Colberia, where the company has found several “healers” eager to freely share information about indigenous cures and an abundance of Colberians willing to work for $1.00 a day, harvesting plants by walking five (5) miles into and out of the jungle carrying baskets that, when full, weigh up to fifty (50)pounds. Due to the low standard of living in Colberia, much of the population lives in primitive huts with no electricity or running water. PharmaCARE’s executives, however, live in a luxury compound, complete with a swimming pool, tennis courts, and a golf course. PharmaCARE’s extensive activities in Colberiahave destroyed habitat and endangered native species.In preparation for this assignment, use the Internet or Strayer Library to research companies that have recently experienced negative consequences as a result of the company’s corporate activities.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
- Describe the key characteristics of a stakeholder and determine all the stakeholders within the PharmaCARE scenario.
- Analyze the human rights issues presented by PharmaCARE’s treatment of the Colberia’s indigenous population versus that of its executives. Recommend at least three (3) changes PharmaCARE can make to be more ethical going forward.
- Assess PharmaCARE’s environmental initiative against the backdrop of its anti-environmental lobbying efforts and Colberian activities. Support the position.
- Decide whether or not PharmaCARE’s actions with respect to the indigenous people of Colberia would be ethical in accordance with each of the following ethical theories: a. Utilitarianism b. Deontology c. Virtue ethics d. Ethics of caree. Your own moral / ethical compass
- Compare PharmaCARE’s actions with those of at least one (1) real-world company, whose corporate activities led to ethical, environmental, or workplace safety issues and financial loss.Analyze the similarities and differences between PharmaCARE and the company that you chose.
- 6. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable reference and proprietary Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:? Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.? Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The Impact of Poor Prognosis On Individuals
$17.50Use atleast 6 article/textbooks no more than 10 years old
Topic:Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual is likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis.
For this assessment you are required to:
Writing Instruction
Write a formal academic essay – introduction, body, conclusion and reference list
150 words for introduction,
200 words physical responses,
200 words emotional responses,
200 words cognitive responses,
200 words behavioural responses
INCLUDE IN DISCUSSION RESPONSE TO A NEWLY DIAGNOSED CONDITION WITH A POOR PROGNOSIS
150 words conclusion
PLEASE NOTE YOU NEED TO EXPLORE ALL FOUR ASPECTS : PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIOURAL, NOT TWO ASPECTS, AS WELL AS NEWLY DIAGNOSED AND POOR PROGNOSIS
Use atleast 6 article/textbooks no more than 10 years old.
A . There is a clear introduction that outlines the topic, and profiles the scope, content and the sequence of the essay topic
- The content in the essay matches the outline presented in the introductory paragraph. Most paragraphs are organised in a logical manner so that content flows from one paragraph to the next, and the essay ends with a rational conclusion.
C There is a concluding paragraph which restates the topic, provides a summary of all of the key points, and presents an overall conclusion.
D The content is relevant to the topic. Appropriate evidence and examples are presented
E Reference- should be used APA format