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  Ethics in conducting research and writing the research results

  $7.00

  In an essay of 750 words, explain the ethical considerations that researchers must consider when conducting research and writing the results of their research in accordance with the APA guidelines.

  3 Pages
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  RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND THEIR DIFFERENCES

  $5.00

  Please discuss the differences between quantitative,qualitative, and mixed methods research methodology in at least 500 words in accordance with the APA guidelines.
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  Justify theory, defend it and clearly justify choice of theory for the character

  $15.00

  Introduction to Ethics- Final Paper

  Case Study

  Justify theory, defend it and clearly justify choice of theory for the character.

  (APA format)

  Must be 4 pages

  Dr.Jerome MacDonald : (Utilitarian ) Calculus of felicity

  Rodger Weston: (egoist)

  Laura Westen: (Aristotle)

  Evelyn Swenson:(Kantian)

  Dr.Morton Farrell(Evolutionary ethics)

  Now you are Jonathan Weston, the oldest son. You have significant influence with your family and your mom, flora, will most likely go along with any recommendations you make.

  What are you going to recommend to family? Justify the following three ethical theory’s as if they influenced you in your decision making and recommendation. Explain, articulate how they influenced you in your decision.

  Jonathan Westen: Kantian ethics, Virtue ethics, Divine Command theory

  Case 3: A case for the ethics committee

  (This lengthier case provides the opportunity to try on diverse roles, both familial and professional. Note how different the situation appears from the different role perspectives.)

  The scene: Most hospitals have “Ethics Committees,” whose job (among others) is to offer advice and consultation to anyone in the hospital who is distressed by the ethical dilemma posed by a case. In the case of Samuel Weston, it is his family who are distressed, and they have asked for an audience with the hospital Ethics Committee, asking others with interests in the case to offer their opinions also. The speaker and narrator is the oldest son of Samuel Weston, the one who requested the meeting. Questions from the members of the Ethics Committee are indicated by parentheses.

  Thank you for agreeing to talk to us. My name is Jonathan Weston, and I am the oldest son of Samuel Weston, a patient in this hospital. To make a long and agonizing story very short, after several strokes, my father is now, as they say, “terminally comatose,” and some of us think that we ought to pull out all the tubes and call the funeral parlor and the rest of us think that that would be murder, totally inexcusable, and we’re not quite sure where to turn right now. I understand that you people are the “Ethics Committee” in this hospital, and that you’re supposed to know what to do in these cases. OK, tell us what to do.

  Let’s fill in some details.

  My father was admitted to this hospital on March 3, 1986, when he was 74, almost 75 years old. He was discovered by my mother lying unconscious on the floor in the bathroom. My mother called the police and they brought him here. By evening he had sort of recovered consciousness and knew us, and they’d diagnosed a stroke. There isn’t much you can do for a stroke at first, so they just basically took care of him and he got much better. By late April they had him in physical therapy on the Rehabilitation Wing and we were talking about taking him home. He was in very good spirits, joking about fending off rabid dogs with his walker….then he had another stroke in May. The doctors said it was “mild,” just a “set-back”….then in July he had another one, and since then he hasn’t opened his eyes, or when he does, he doesn’t see anything. They say he isn’t going to get any better.

  For awhile after his third stroke they had him on a respirator, then he “improved” to the point where he can breathe on his own. They’re feeding him, and occasionally pumping in antibiotics, with tubes. The doctors say eventually his heart will stop. I have my doubts. His father lived to 98, and Dad’s heart has always been enormously strong. With adequate food and water, he might touch 100. The question is, how long should we go on with this treatment? When is enough enough? For the answers that have been proposed, let me introduce the rest of the cast of characters:

  Dr. Jerome MacDonald: I’ve been Mr. Weston’s physician for 23 years now, physician and friend, and taken care of the rest of his family as well. I have nothing but affection for the man, and sympathy for Flora Weston and the children in this time of grief and anguish. My role in this situation is now very limited. I cannot, of course, unilaterally make the decision to withdraw nutrition and hydration. I can certainly tell the family that according to all the consultants, their husband and father is surely terminally ill and permanently unconscious, with no chance of improvement, and I have done that. He is not legally “brain-dead”–since he’s breathing on his own, the brainstem is clearly alive, and part of the cerebellum as well–but he will not function as a human being again. Nevertheless, he looks human enough–as a matter of fact, he looks like Sam Weston, asleep. I know what torment they’re going through, and I sympathize deeply, and I will comply with whatever decision they can reach as a family.
  (You know they’re badly divided. Can’t you give a little more directive advice, maybe a little more forcefully?
  I have other patients, you know. I can do nothing for Sam, and God forbid I should get into the middle of that family fight. They don’t need a doctor, they need a referee and an umpire and maybe a rule book. All I dare do, in these conditions, is give the medical prognosis and wait for them to come to some conclusion.)

  Flora Weston: I can’t believe Sam isn’t going to get better. He got better last time, didn’t he? Because we had hope and were willing to wait! I saw his eyes look at me just three days ago. There has to be hope. We can’t live without hope! I don’t know what to do. But please let’s not give up.
  (Did you understand what the doctor said about “total cerebral death” and “terminal irreversible coma”?
  No.)

  Roger Weston, the younger son: This is ridiculous. Dad spends all his life, sometimes 60 hours a week, just to earn money to leave to his family, and here we are, just about out of insurance, spending $1500 a week on his living corpse. Why are we doing this? He’s dead, he’s been dead for months! Let’s pull out the stupid tubes and let him go. That’s the way he would want it, that’s for sure.
  (Suppose all you had to do was spend a couple of thousand dollars to pull him out of a well, and if you did he’d be in good health for years, and if you didn’t he’d die. Would you spend it?
  Of course! what do you take me for?
  What if it was a hundred thousand dollars, and he’d have to be in bed for the rest of his life, but alert and able to communicate?
  Uh, well, sure, if that’s what he wanted….
  He probably would. What if it was a million dollars?
  Now wait a minute! What are you trying to prove?)

  Cynthia Weston Green, the older daughter: They’re a bunch of cold-blooded murderers, nothing else! I think I knew Daddy better, and loved him more, than all of them put together. I know I haven’t seen him much for the last six years when I was in California, but after my marriage failed I just wasn’t financially able to come home when I wanted, and I know it was stupid to be too proud to ask for the money, and Daddy has been in my thoughts every minute. I don’t care what they say about his medical condition. He’s still my father, I still love him, and to talk about depriving him of food and water borders on the sadistic! Where do we get this bit about how it’s too troublesome, or expensive, to feed him with tubes? Wouldn’t you feed him if he just couldn’t move his hands, and you had to feed him with a spoon? I seem to recall that once upon a time I had to be fed with a spoon, as did Jonathan and Roger, and before that we had to be fed with tubes, or nipples, andwe were pretty expensive and troublesome, especially Roger, and Daddy fed us, and paid for us, without complaining. Well, maybe it’s time for us to return the favor. Of course he’s going to die some day. But while I live, he’s not going to die because his children decided to starve him to death when he was too old and sick to complain about it!
  (It must have been very hard for you, not being able to be with him all those years. Do you think that your absence–rather, your feelings that you should not have been absent, especially when he was sick–might have something to do with your conviction that he should not be allowed to die?
  What would that have to do with it? Do I have to provide reasons for loving my father and for wanting to see him taken care of when he is sick?)

  Laura Weston, the younger daughter: I’m not sure I know what Dad would have wanted, but I know that if that were me, in that bed, I’d want to die. I just wouldn’t want to hang around in that state. That isn’t really life. I’m just not interested in the financial aspect of this dispute. But I know that that is no life to be living, and no human being should be kept around in that state.
  (Do you think he is really alive at all?
  I don’t know.)

  Evelyn Swenson, Samuel Weston’s nurse: We are dealing here with a patient who needs care. That’s my department–not the physician’s, who stops by maybe every two weeks to see if he’s died yet, and not the family’s, who only gather by the bedside to fight with each other. I am not only the servant of the whims and interests of family and physician: I have my own professional ethic to answer to, and that ethic requires me to render the best available care to every patient. Mr. Weston requires bathing, turning, changing, nutrition and hydration, all of which is “nursing care,” not “medical care,” and which it is my professional duty and competence to provide. I know it would be convenient for everyone if Mr. Weston would just die, but I am not allowed to watch third parties kill a patient for their own convenience. There are lots of places in this world where helpless elderly people are allowed to starve to death; this hospital should not be one of them.
  (Mrs. Swenson, you know that the attending physician is responsible for issuing all orders regarding patient care in this hospital, and that nurses are essentially auxiliary medical personnel. Do you really think that it is your role to take a position on this case which is, as far as we can tell, independent of the physician’s position and of any position the family might reach?
  I am not sure that you realize that Nursing is an independent profession with its own code of ethics and its own professional obligations to its clients. Of course there are times when, for the sake of the patient, and out of respect for the patient’s autonomy, it is proper to terminate burdensome and painful medical treatment–especially publication-oriented experimental treatment! But this patient is in no pain, and has not indicated that he wishes us to stop feeding him. The only reason to “let him die with dignity,” as they say, at this point, is to save the family money. That’s not a good enough reason.)

  Dr. Morton Farrell, administrator of the hospital: You know, the reason we provide these enormously expensive hospitals and treatments is so that living people who have suffered some trauma, or have some acute illness, can be saved–can receive the tremendously complicated care that will cure them, make them well. Weston isn’t going to get well. He isn’t even going to get measurably better. I know we invite his imminent death–the rest of his death, really–if we take out the feeding tubes. But what a terrible waste of resources it is to keep him going like this! When the insurance is gone, the hospital pays through the nose; the family can be billed, but usually won’t pay, and then the public pays to keep him here. The family complains about the $1500 per week they have to pay. Now that the DRG has expired (the amount of money that Medicare will pay for patients in his Diagnosis Related Group–patients who have what he has), it’s costing the hospital $5000 per week to keep him, and we can’t even bill the family for that! And for what? I’ll be glad to see him out of here, one way or another.
  (Thank you for your candor, Dr. Farrell. Why don’t you just arrange to have him discharged for administrative reasons?
  Because the family has to agree on a discharge plan, for starters, and they won’t. And because we’d have the socks sued off us by the hysterical daughter. And God only knows what that nurse would do.)

  Mr. Gregory Little, Esq., the family attorney: I’m hardly in a position to say very much, since Mr. Weston, anticipating no such accident, had no opportunity to set his affairs in order, including the making of a “Living Will” or assignment of durable power of attorney. He told me on several occasions that he would not wish to live with artificial life support, should he be rendered incapable of communicating. Does nutrition and hydration count as artificial life support? Food and water seem natural enough, but tubes don’t. What counts as artificial in this case?
  (Should the tubes be removed, and Mr. Weston die, would you suggest to the family that an action in malpractice might be appropriate?
  That’s not the kind of law I do, and it would not be appropriate for me to comment on that matter in any case.)

  Jonathan Weston, again: OK, people, there you have it. I have to make the decision, except that if I make it the wrong way, some other family member–not my mother, of course, but my sister or brother easily–will complain, hold a press conference, probably sue…. What do you think I should do?
  (Mr. Weston, do you have a spiritual advisor?
  A what?
  A clergyman of some sort–priest, minister, rabbi–whose opinion on the matter you think we should hear?
  Uh, no, we weren’t the churchgoing type.)
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  Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Process

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  Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper about the Critical Thinking and Problem-SolvingProcess. How you can apply these things to your success in your education and your career. The paper should include the following:

  • An introduction
  • A minimum of three properly cited and referenced sources from a University Library.
  • A conclusion
  • A reference page

  Include the following in your paper:

  • How setting goals can lead to success
  • At least one educational goal and one career goal
  • How the writing process can help you advance in your education and your career
  • The steps will you take to improve your critical-thinking skills
  • The university resources you can use to ensure academic success
  • The benefits and challenges of working with outside sources
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  Golden Rule and Virtue Ethics

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  Assignment 3
  1. Task
  You work in the Ethics Department for ABC Company (ABC). Your department is dedicated to advising its employees about their ethical obligations in the corporate setting. All communications you receive in this capacity are confidential.

  Luke, an employee of ABC, comes to you with the following scenario and asks for your advice. He wants to fully consider the situation. Your task is to advise him on all perspectives on the situation. Below are the facts that Luke provides to you.
  *****

  Luke has been asked to work on a project that involves developing land recently purchased by ABC to build an adult entertainment retail store. According to the plan, the land is located on the corner of the neighborhood where Owen, Luke’s brother, lives. Luke knows that as soon as the plans for the store are made public, property values for the surrounding neighborhood will decrease significantly. ABC plans to publicly announce the project one month from today. Luke is concerned about his obligations of confidentiality to his company. However, Luke is also very close to Owen, who recently told Luke that he received an offer to sell his house at an “okay” price given the current real estate market. Owen is considering selling but hasn’t made any final decision yet. He wonders if he might get a better offer a few years from now when the real estate market improves.
  What is the ethical issue, why is this an issue, and what should Luke do about it?
  *****

  For assignment 3, prepare a memo to the Ethics Department file that considers ONLY the following two theories that were discussed in class, in the online lecture on ethical reasoning, and your readings – The Golden Rule and Virtue Ethics. You may consider any of the resources provided in your text, and online lectures. However, it is advised that you DO NOT consult the internet. Your papers will be graded based on the required resources for GENB 4350.

  Additionally, most of the accidental plagiarism cases have arisen from students using internet sources and failing to properly cite the work used.
  Additionally, there are ethical reasoning steps discussed in your textbook. Keep in mind that not all of the concepts presented in these steps may be included in this memo (but eventually may be included in Assignment 4).
  Finally, remember that Assignments 2 and 3 are considered “drafts” for Assignment 4, which will require you to combine your analysis from both prior assignments into one paper.
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  Stress related Issues that International Students face at Universities in Australia

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  Research topic is Stress related Issues that International students are face at Universities in Australia. Study title is Exploration stress related issues of international students at Curtin University the section is study objectives: three main objectives need to be cover are

  1. identify the life stressor among the international students
  2. investigate how those identify stressor’s effect to their day today life
  3. explore coping mechanisms being use by participants main

  ICP 365 Assessment 3 Instructions – Internal students Page 1
  314133 Inquiry for Clinical Practice 365
  Assessment 3 Instructions (Internal)
  Assessment 3 is divided into two parts:
  Part A – Written submission (25%)
   1500 word written submission which provides the detailed research proposal
   Your research proposal should contain the following sections:
   Study title & background to the problem (400 words)
   Study objectives and study significance (200 words)
   Research design and, Sampling & recruitment (300 words)
   Data collection & data analysis (300 words)
   Ethical considerations & Rigour (Reliability & Validity / Trustworthiness) (300
  words)
   Use the expanded marking guide that has been provided to guide you with compiling your
  proposal
   This will need to be submitted as a Word document through TURNITIN on the day of your
  seminar
   You will receive a group mark for the written submission
   Hence it is important to ensure that all group members make a contribution and that all
  group members are satisfied with the completed piece of work before submission
  Part B – oral presentation (10%)
   You will be expected to present your research proposal to the rest of the class in the last
  seminar class
   Every member of the group has to present a part of the proposal
   Each student should design and present 1 slide in the presentation (maximum of 5 slides)
   You will have 10 minutes for the presentation (i.e. 2 minutes per student)
   You will be assessed as an individual on the following areas during your presentation:
   Eye contact & audience engagement
   Poise (how you carry yourself in the presentation)
   Voice – clarity, pace & fluency
   Use of visual aids
   Organisation
   Please review the oral presentation rubric that has been provided (this is the tool that will
  be used by your tutor)
   You will receive an individual mark for the part that you present
   The group leader needs to ensure that the class tutor is provided with a copy of your slides
  on the day of the seminar presentation
  Your final mark for this assessment is a combination of Part A and Part B.
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  Essay 2: Summative Academic Essay

  $10.00

   

  Essay 2: Summative Academic Essay:

  Students are required to write a summative academic essay of 1,500 words, answering one of the essay questions below. For this essay, it is expected that you now comprehend the standard of work required to write a sound academic essay. Employing the lessons and standards learnt from Essay 1, answer one (1) of the following essay questions:

  1. UC Book of the Year Question: Are governments effective at protecting our freedoms by protecting us from each other? Discuss, drawing upon the concepts taught in this unit and using examples from the UC Book of the Year, Room, to support your argument. Please reference Room using page numbers in the same way you would a normal academic publication. Each individual reference to Room will count as one reference (as part of the minimum of 10 references rule).
  2. Should the Australian Government privatise Medibank? Discuss, drawing upon news media reports and the concepts taught in this unit.
  3. Do international institutions such as the WTO and the OECD help or hinder economic development in developing nations? Discuss, incorporating or countering the “democratic deficit” argument.
  4. Are passive industry policies more effective than anticipatory industry policies? Discuss, using examples from the recent Global Financial Crisis and drawing upon news media reports, the concepts taught in this unit and other countries.

  Important Notices: A minimum of 10 different references is required for this essay. Be careful using the Internet – it offers information, sometimes wildly inaccurate, while also not necessarily providing a strong critical analysis. The use of encyclopaedia-style Web sources (for example http://www.wikipedia.org/ and www.thefreedictionary.com) is NOT acceptable at this level of study and any instance of using such references will attract a fail grade. To receive a Distinction grade or above, you will need to draw upon academic journals, texts and high-quality references, and exceed the minimum standards.

  Students must submit their academic essays via Moodle in Microsoft Word or Adobe PDF document format. Essays submitted in any other format will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. It is also required that essays include a list of references at the end of the paper (in alphabetical order by author surname) which is presented in a recognised Author/Date referencing system (see http://canberra.libguides.com/referencing). Please note that the requirements for referencing set out in this unit may be different from examples provided in the referencing guides. Where there is a conflict about the style of referencing (for example the use of page numbers), you are required to follow the unit outline.

  Students MUST write in the third person for all assessment items in this unit. For example, rather than writing ‘In this essay, I will discuss…’, write: ‘This essay will discuss…’. Writing in the third person is a formal writing skill which you must practise while undertaking this unit. If you do not write in the third person your essay will be heavily penalised. Word Count Rules: The word count is conducted by using the word count function in Microsoft Word by highlighting the first word of the first sentence to the last word of the last sentence. The word count includes all in-text references and quotes but does not include the title or the reference list. Plus or minus 10% leeway is given for the word count, for example Essay 2 (1500 words) must be between 1350-1650 words. Markers will ignore those parts of the essay that exceed the word limit, and essays which are under the word limit will be considered as not representing a completed assessment task. Excessive use of quotes will be heavily penalised. Writing to a set word count is a requirement in almost every profession, and presenting an argument within the bounds of a word count demonstrates partial achieving of Learning Outcome 5.

   
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  How will I get data to test my hypothesis

  $25.00

  Hypothesis to test through samples in the assignment of recycling business in Pakistan for instance:

  1. Would it be beneficial to start a solid waste management business

  Such as: more profits, more taxes more taxes for govt, cost effective, more jobs etc.

  2. Environmental benefits:

  Such as: less pollution, preservation of resources etc.

  3. People health:

  Such as: reduction in diseases, more human resources etc.

  Answer the following 2 sections…

  Section 1. Instrumentation/Sampling: (1300 words)

  Testing these Hypothesis with random samples around 6 to7 and not necessarily be real persons, through interviews/surveys etc.

  Answer the following questions for this section:

  How will I get data to test my hypothesis

  What tool/devices will I use to make or record observation

  How will I choose the sample

  What degree of accuracy or level of confidence I can guarantee. Tools/devices to make or record

  · Analysis of Data:

  In Analysis discuss through statistical/analytical process whether hypothesis are right or wrong?

  Section 2. Conclusion and recommendations: (700 words)

  I have uploaded the previous literature review as well in case to understand the assignment.
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  Step 1: Summarize your findings in comparison to statewide statistics…

  $12.50

  • Components:
  • A. Research the most recent health assessment data/report(s) for your county of residence. Review the report examples attached in the M1-M4 Dropbox, or look for websites such as these: RWJF County Health Rankingsor Florida Charts. Be thorough on your research, then:
    • Step 1: Summarize your findings in comparison to statewide statistics for all data provided in each the following six categories. (This might be a great place to have fun and demonstrate your creativity!!)
      1. 1. Behavioral Risk Factors (i.e.; smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, teen pregnancy, etc.)
      2. 2. Socioeconomic Characteristics (i.e.: unemployment, violent crime, HS graduation rates, etc.)
      3. 3. Health Status (i.e.: Cancer rates, rates of heart disease, etc.)
      4. 4. Maternal, Infant and Young Child Health (i.e.: birth rates, infant death rates, etc.)
      5. 5. Social and Mental Health (i.e.: alcohol related car accidents, violent crime, suicide, etc.)
      6. 6. Infectious Disease-or Communicable Disease (i.e.: rates of HIV/AIDS, TB, pneumonia, etc.)

  • Step 2: Answer the following questions :
    • What issuesdo you or your county officials note as significant outliers (either positive or negative) in the statistics for your county?
    • What programs have been initiated in your county to address the significant health issues highlighted above?
  • B.Research the current employment status of health care professionals in your county. Answer the following questions: 1) How does employment for healthcare professions rank overall compared with other professions? 2) What are the major healthcare employers in your area, and how many employees are at these institutions? 3) What are average salaries for a few of the major health professions in your county (or professions of interest to you), and how do those salariescompare with national averages? (Search credible articles and websites for this information. Here is an example: http://www.citytowninfo.com/places/florida/pensacola/work).
  • C. Research how information technology is being utilized in your county to improve both the collection of assessment data and the health status of the residents. You might explore news items on your local hospital websites, hospital community reports, health departments, etc.Provide an overview and specific examples.

  • Note: Your report must be in APA format (link to guidelines: APA Reference Style Guidelines) and must include an APA formatted list of all sources/references. No abstract is needed for this report. You might review the grading rubric for this assignment in advance: Rubric HSA4431 – Health Assessment. Review again the Plagiarism Policy.
  • Your written report (i.e. not including charts, graphs, etc. from Part A/Step 1) should be three pages in length in Word or pdf format. You will want to be complete and concise (i.e. quality not quantity!). Your grade will be based on how thoroughly and creatively you completed each step of the assignment. Assume you are employed in healthcare, and have been asked to submit this assignment to your supervisor!