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  Learning and Teaching

  $12.00

  Choose one of the essays from the list, below, that you think has something interesting to say about teaching and/or learning. (The teaching and learning could be either inside or outside a classroom.)Note: You may not choose the same essay you wrote about for ME #2.

  Using the terminology and key concepts of this course (to the extent you reasonably can),

  (1)In one sentence, state “the main point” (= the thesis, a proposition about how the world works) the essay is making,as you see it.

  (2)Very briefly, explain how the essay is constructed, as you see it. (For instance, how is it organized? What are thesourcesof the sfs the writer has composed?)

  (100 to 150 words ought to be enough for parts 1 and 2, combined.)

  (3)Here is the heart of the assignment: Make some interesting and useful connections between the essay you’ve chosen and some other works that we’ve read in this course. Particularly, draw connections between what the essays have to say (to the reader) concerning teaching and/or learning.

  How many “other works”? No fewer than two, no more than four.Any essay listed in the Course Description or handed out in class (includine writing by students) is a valid choice as an “other work.” See me if you need another copy of a handout.

  (4)Make some interesting and useful connections between the essay you’ve chosen and some of your own experiences as a learner..

  Write for an audience of intelligent adults–college students and college graduates, say. Assume they havenotread the published essay you’ve selected.

  On November 25, I’ll ask you to tell me, in writing, the essay you will be focusing on.

  Key Advice:(a)Your paper should be full of very-specific sfs–about the essays you are discussing, about your own experiences, about whatever. (b)Quotationis very important in writing of this sort. Quote from the essays you are discussing to support the general claimsyouare making about the essays. Cite the page number(s) for each important quotation. Quote and cite the texts in our anthology (not some other edition of the essays). (c) Organize your paper andmake your pattern of organization easily seen by the reader. (d) Take handwrittennoteson a sheet of paper on each essay you will discuss in this paper. Writing a paper like this without such notes is folly.

  The list:

  Toni Cade Bambara, “The Lesson” (pp. 253 ff.)

  Professor X, “In the Basement of the Ivory Tower” (on Blackboard)

  “C.P. Ellis” (handout plus Blackboard)

  Gatto, “Against School”

  Another essay by special permission in advance

  the one I choose from the list is “the lesson” byToni Cade Bambara and for “other work” you can use “against school” by Gatto and “Learing to read” by Malcolm X. all 3 of these essay can be found Rereading America 9th edition
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  PH 210 Ancient/Medieval Philosophy Paper

  $27.50

  PH 210 Ancient/Medieval Philosophy
  Answer all the questions. Give textual evidence.

  1. Discuss Plato’s distinction of two types of knowledge. How does the doctrine of the forms provide for scientific knowledge and at the same time account for change? Why does Plato write dialogue instead of prose? Who or what was Socrates arguing against in Plato’s Phaedrus ?

  2. Compare and contrast Aristotle’s notion of universal concepts with the Platonic forms. Briefly explain their different accounts for the problem of Being and becoming. What constitutes their epistemological and metaphysical differences?

  3. According to Aristotle, in what sense is metaphysics said to be the science of first causes. How does metaphysics as first philosophy compare to the other sciences? Why does he call it the “Divine Science”? What is its proper object of study?
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  A two page reflection paper on Immanuel Kant’s essay

  $5.00

  A two page reflection paper on Immanuel Kant’s essay attached.

  Essay: ON A SUPPOSED RIGHT TO LIE BECAUSE OF PHILANTHROPIC CONCERNS by Immanuel Kant

  No internet sources just the essay.

  Additional Files:

  KANTsupposedRightToLie.pdf
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  Moral Philosophy Paper

  $30.00

  Choose essays and answer

  Part 1: Analyze one (1) of the following case studies via an essay. Your answer should demonstrate sound moral reasoning and give evidence that you understand some of the various approaches to ethical decision making (25 points):

  1. The Bribe
  George simply isn’t paying attention. It has been a long drive back home from the family’s winter vacation, and he is on the Interstate coming through the downtown area of the city. His wife is with him up front. In the backseat are his young daughter and her younger brother, who is feeling sick and needs to get home. On the radio are the riveting final minutes of the playoff game with his favorite basketball team.

  So when the familiar blue lights begin flashing in his rearview mirror, George’s heart sinks. As he pulls over to the side of the highway, he knows he’s been speeding—partly to get his son home and partly with the excitement of the game. Because it is cold, the officer suggests he bring his papers and come sit in the front seat of the police cruiser, while the other officer in the car takes the backseat.

  They exchange papers and the arresting officer writes up the speeding ticket. And then begins a conversation George finds increasingly troubling. The officers tell him he will need to come down to the police station to settle this ticket. Unfortunately, the station is quite a ways away. What’s more, as it is Sunday evening, there are few people on duty, and processing the ticket could take several hours.

  If, however, George simply wants to pay the officers right then in cash, they would be happy to do the necessary paperwork when they get to the station, letting George go on his way with no delay.
  The more George listens, the more his blood begins to seethe. This is the United States, he reminds himself, not some backwater nation with a corrupt police force. Yet here he is, being asked (he felt sure) for a bribe. Yet there is his young son, feeling sick and increasingly desperate to get home to his own bed.

  What should George do?
  Source: Institute for Global Ethics, copyright 2012

  2. Quality time better spent?
  After graduating from college with a degree in science, Andy finds a solid job in his profession, married, and had two sons. Twelve years later, he moves to another company promising him steady advancement within its managerial ranks. A devoted family man, Andy admires his wife’s dedication to raising their boys. But he also observes that his sons, approaching their teen years, benefit greatly from his fatherly friendship and counsel-especially as they approach what he and his wife realize could prove to be a difficult transitional period in their upbringing. So he has made a commitment to spend plenty of time with them, playing baseball and helping with their schoolwork.
  But he also loves his work, and does well at it. And it has become apparent that to advance rapidly up the managerial ranks, he needs an MBA. A nearby university offers the degree in an evening-and-weekend program that would allow him to continue full-time employment, but it would soak up his free time for the next several years and throw most of the family activities into his wife’s hands.

  Where should Andy focus his attention?
  Source: Institute for Global Ethics, copyright 2012

  Part II: Answer one (1) of the following with an essay:

  1- The Death Penalty in the USA
  Take a position on the morality of the use of the Death Penalty for capital offences in the USA. Argue for your position recognizing the serious arguments on the other side and explain why you believe your position to be more correct. In your essay clearly state what proponents of each of the ethical systems we studied (virtue ethics, teleological ethics, deontological ethics and utilitarianism) would teach about the morality of the death penalty and why they would hold their position. In light of your argument, what, if anything, should be done to change the current practice in the United States?

  2- Morality at the Beginning of Human Life
  The ethical questions surrounding the beginning of life are many and vexing. What are some of the moral arguments for when human life should be protected? Which argument makes the most sense to you? Why? Provide counter-arguments to the other positions. How should the law treat the question of abortion and embryonic stem cell research? Should the law recognize exceptions such as “rape, incest and the life of the mother”? Why or why not? What is the best moral solution to the question of “discarded” frozen embryos?

  Part III – Answer two (2) of the following with an essay (25 points each):

  1. “Moral views cannot be proven true or false, therefore whatever you think is right is right for you.” Describe carefully what someone might mean by each part of this statement. In what sense, if any, do you agree with it? In what sense(s) do you disagree? How would you express a statement on “moral views”? Explain your answer.

  2. Explain the importance of friendship in the moral life. What other types of relationships appropriately use the term “love” to describe themselves? How do they differ? How are they the same? What is “love”? What are some of the requirements for genuine friendship? Can children be friends with their parents or men with women according to Aristotle? Why or why not? Is Aristotle right?

  3. Explain Kant’s approach to the moral law. Demonstrate how Kantian ethics works by examining the question of suicide, the question of borrowing money in great need without intending to repay, the question of using one’s abilities and the question of giving alms to the poor. Critique Kant’s approach.

  4. What are the different kinds of communities to which we belong? What are our responsibilities in these communities? What is the “common good”? What are our responsibilities if the community we belong to is involved in immoral activity? What does it mean to actively participate in communal life? Are communities necessary for human flourishing? Can we “opt out” of all communities? To what communities should we belong?

  5. What is the role of law in a just society? What are “rights”? Where do they come from? How ought we to view them? What is the relationship between rights and duties? Do we have a moral duty to follow the positive law? Is there ever a case when one can legitimately ignore the law? Does an unjust law bind one in conscience? What are our moral responsibilities if a law or laws in our society are unjust? Can we ever legitimately follow an order that we know to be immoral?

  6. What is conscience? How is conscience formed? How does one inform one’s conscience? How does one make progress in the moral life? What is the meaning of the quotation: “life is about being and being more not having and having more”? What role does vocation play in the moral life? How do we order the various demands placed on our abilities, resources and time if we are to live fulfilling lives? How does one form “moral character”?

  7. Discuss the virtues associated with the proper understanding and use of wealth and honor. What are some of the natural virtue necessary for a person to be truly “great”? How are these virtues acquired? What is guilt? Is guilt good? What makes an act meritorious? What is humility? How does humility relate to the other virtues?
  No Wikipedia or internet sources only published verified sources. MLA
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  The Use of Technology in Classroom

  $20.00

  EAC150FQ/FR

  Analytical Research Essay with Documentation and Outline

  Value: 20% (essay 15%, Outline 5%)

  SOURCES:

  • This assignment is an analytical essay that requires a serious research inquiry and the use of primary and or secondary sources. You will need to consult reputable newspapers, magazines, journals, and even books to come up with a meaningful response to the issues raised by your research topic.
  • Your personal opinions are of less value than critical arguments supported with evidence from research. NO OPINIONS!
  • You must use at least ONE reading from the textbook as well as at least FIVE direct references to diverse sources including scholarly books and journals to support your thesis. The sources must be recent, i.e. not older than 1996.

  FORMAT:

  • Include an introductory paragraph with a thesis, several body paragraphs and a conclusion that summarizes your main points.
  • Include a Title page and Works Cited page.
  • Photocopy or print out the relevant pages of ONE of your source materials and attach them to your paper. (DO NOT PRINT ARTICLES FROM YOUR TEXT BOOK).
  • Document all references in MLA format for both in-text citations and your Works Cited page.
  • Type your essay in 12 point font and double-spaced.
  • Your essay should be 1500-2000 words – include a word count at the end of your essay.
  • Number all pages and put your name on all pages.
  • Staple your assignment on the top left corner only. Use a plain cover that contains your name, course and section code, date and the title of your paper. Do not use fancy folders, plastic covers, or paperclips. Do not include drawings, pictures, photographs, or any other images anywhere in this assignment.
  • Late assignments will NOT be marked (I will not have time to mark them and return them prior to your final exam) and will receive a grade of “0”.
  • DO NOT PLAGIARIZE. We have already discussed what plagiarism is and how to avoid it. However, if you are not sure about it, please make an appointment at the learning commons for help.
  • All essays MUST be submitted to SafeAssign. Please print a copy of the SafeAssign Report to submit with your essay.

  TOPICS:

  Choose from ONE of the following topics to write your research essay:

  1. The influence of advertising and the media.
  2. Women and Poverty in Canada.
  3. The use of technology in the classroom.
  4. Racial and ethnic stereotyping in video game.

  Additional Files:

  ANALYTICAL-RESEARCH-ESSAY.doc
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  Community Policing and Philosophy Dimension

  $2.00

  There are four dimensions to Community Policing as defined by Cordner in Chapter 24 (Philosophical, Strategic, Tactical, and Organizational). Give one example of a community policing effort in your community or hometown and explain which dimension it is associated with and why.
  Talk about Dubai police department. No needs for references.

  Additional Files:

  456374_1_chp-24.pdf
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  Indeterminism and Human Choices: An Overview

  $15.00

  This essay, is a three-plus page argument essay.

  On Free Will:

  Argue for or against Indeterminism, which is the view that our choices, though certainly influenced, are nonetheless uncaused. In rational deliberation we are the uncaused causers of our choices.

  Sample arguments:

  Indeterminism is false because if it were true, it would violate the principle of universal causation. But there cannot be a violation of the principle of universal causation.

  Indeterminism is true because if it were false, I would not be a person. But I am a person.

  Indeterminism is false because God created the universe in all its details. My choices are some of the details of the universe.

  Indeterminism is true because if it were false, we would not be responsible. But in fact we are responsible.

  On individuality:

  We are not rational individuals because if we were, we would be able to identify the individual content of our thinking and acting. But in fact we cannot do that.

  We are rational individuals simply based on the fact that we arefree thinking and each of us is embodied separately.

  Also check the Metaethics attachment regarding the question of what is goodness? You can consider a theory like hedonism,for example, goodness is pleasure.

  Finally, attached a document on what I call the two virtues of social morality: Compromise and Obedience. You can write on whether or not either (don’t do both) is an unconditional virtue of social morality.

  Additional Materials:

  Dialectic-Essay-2.rtf
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  What do you think you have in common with other Americans your age?

  $5.00

  What do you think you have in common with other Americans your age? (24)
  – How do you feel like a citizen of America?
  • What do you think you have in common with other people your age around the world?
  – How do you feel like a citizen of the world?
  – What impact does technology have on feeling like an American citizen? How about on feeling like a global citizen?
  • In your opinion, what are some things that America does better than any other country? What are some things America could improve on?
  • What would be your American anthem? If you could replace the Star-Spangled Banner with any other song as our new national anthem that best represents your feelings about America, what song would you choose and why?
  • How do you feel when America is competing in a national event like the Olympics or the World Cup?
  • What comes to mind when you think of American traditions? What are your personal favorites and how come? Are there any you wouldn’t mind getting rid of? Which ones and why?
  – Have you ever created your own tradition tied to being American and/or put a twist on an American tradition that already exists – either on your own or with your friends and/or family? If so, please tell us about it

  DAY TWO ACTIVITY: A Stroll Through the Neighborhood

  For this activity, I’d like you to pretend that you’re walking down a street next to a row of houses. But in this town, instead of each house being owned by a family, each house is owned by a particular country. Please take us on a tour of two houses:
  • America
  • Another country where some of your ancestors are from

  As you’re giving your tours, please tell us:
  • What each house looks like – both on the outside and on the inside
  • The types of people who live there – what they’re like, what they do for fun, and what they care about
  • What one thing most makes this house different from all of the others?
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  PHL 210 Final

  $20.00

  This FINAL consists of FOUR essays

  TO GET PROPER CREDIT YOU MUST:

  1. Name your file: Midterm Last Name, i.e.   Midterm Jones
  2. Put your name on the actual document you are submitting.
  3. Write out and answer the questions. Check all spelling and grammar in MLA format.
  4. Cite all sources, direct quotes or indirect ideas using elliptic giving author AND page numbers, i.e. (Soccio 26). Failure here could result in a 0%!
  5. Include a Works Cited page at the end.
  6. Make sure you submit the work in Turn It Inin a single Word document in doc. or docx. or richtext format.
  7. Each essay is between 250-400 words. Extensive quotes do not count toward this. If you cannot answer a question in these parameters, use another question. Minimum word count DOES NOT insure an excellent grade.

  PHL 210 Final

  ESSAY Chapter 9

  1. Outline Descartes’ ontological argument for the existence of God. Do you believe that it succeeds in proving that God exists, or not? Why do you believe as you do?

  2. How might Descartes’ appeal to “clear and distinct” ideas be subject to criticism? Could Descartes respond to this criticism by distinguishing between a first-person approach to his arguments (i.e., where they are aimed only at the person following them) and a third-person approach to them (i.e., where they are intended to be fully accessible to others)? What might this response look like? Would it be satisfactory?

  3. Do you have any reason to believe that you are not being systematically deceived by an evil genius, right at this moment? Does it matter whether you are being deceived or not? Explain your answer.

  4. Do you believe that people have innate ideas? Would everyone have to have them for Descartes’ arguments to be sound? Explain your answer.

  5. What are Descartes’ arguments for Cartesian dualism? Do you find them persuasive? If you do not, do you endorse monism, or not? Explain your answer.

  6. What advantages might Descartes’ dualist view have for someone who believes that humans have free will?

  7. Outline the coherence theory of truth. Do you believe that this is a correct view of what truth is, or not? Explain your answer.

  8. What method do you use for finding truth? How is this similar to, or different from, the rules that Descartes offered for finding truth?

  ESSAY Chapter 10

  1. What is a “self”, according to Hume? What are his arguments for this view of the self? What philosophical position do they rest on? Do you agree with them? Why, or why not?

  2. In what way might Berkeley’s idealism support the view that God must exist? Does Berkeley’s idealism necessarily support this view, or could one accept it and still be an atheist? Explain your answers to these questions.

  3. Do you believe that Hume is more likely to agree with the philosophy of Plato, or with the philosophy of Epicurus? Explain your answer, outlining the views of all three philosophers as you do so.

  4. Does the external world exist, according to Berkeley? If not, how can he account for our common-sense view that it does? If it does, in what form does it exist? That is, is it a materialist world, or not? How can a world exist without being made of material “stuff”?

  5. If one accepts Hume’s account of the degree to which we have knowledge of causation, is science possible? Explain your view fully.

  6. Why did Locke reject Descartes’ epistemology? Do you believe that this rejection was justified, or not? Explain your answer.

  7. Can an empiricist coherently believe in God? Explain your answer.

  8. Do you agree with Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities? Why, or why not? What are two possible objections to this distinction? Do you agree with them, or not?

  ESSAY Chapter 11

  1. Outline Kant’s account of what makes an action moral. In what ways is Kant’s view superficially like the Golden Rule (“Do as you would be done by”), and in what way is it different? Is Kant’s account of morality objective, or subjective? What about the Golden Rule?

  2. Outline the sort of society that Rawls believes would be just. How does this reflect a Kantian concern with persons as ends? What is the objection that Okin levels against Rawls’ view? Do you believe that Rawls could meet this objection? What other objections might be developed against Rawls’ position? Do you believe that they could be met?

  3. What are Kant’s objections to Hume’s epistemology? How did they lead him to develop his own views in response to Hume?

  4. How does Kant allow for the possibility of human free will? How is this relevant to his account of morality?

  5. How should we treat humanity, according to Kant? What does this mean in practice? What arguments does he give for this view? Do you find them persuasive, or not? If not, do you think that better arguments can be developed in support of his view, or do you think that we should reject it? Justify your answer in each case.

  6. What is the distinction between a hypothetical imperative and a categorical imperative? How is this relevant to Kantian moral theory?

  7. How does Kant’s account of morality differ from that of Hume? How do these differences reflect the epistemological differences between these two philosophers?

  8. What can be known, according to Kant?

  ESSAY Chapter 12

  1. Outline the forms of utilitarianism developed by both Bentham and Mill. What are the principle differences between them? Which do you believe is the most defensible, and why?

  2. In what way is utilitarianism a response to the social conditions of the nineteenth century? Do you believe that it is still relevant today? Explain your answer.

  3. How is Bentham’s view of morality different from that of Kant? Which is the more realistic? Does this also mean that it is the most correct? Explain your answer, taking care to define how you understand the term “realistic”.

  4. What is Bentham’s view of pleasure? What is Mill’s? What are the problems associated with each?

  5. Do you believe that pleasure is the ground of morality? Why, or why not?

  6. What are the similarities and differences between the utilitarian focus on happiness and Aristotle’s focus on eudaimonia?

  7. What is ethical egoism? What is psychological egoism? What is the relationship (if any) between them?

  8. What is altruism? Should we try to encourage it? If so, why? If not, why not?

  ESSAY Chapter 13

  1. How is Marx’s criticism of capitalism linked to both (a) Kantian accounts of the moral community, and (b) Aristotle’s account of the good human life? Explain your answer fully.

  2. How might Mill agree with Marx’s criticisms of nineteenth century social conditions? Explain your answer, and support it by referring directly to both Marx and Mill. Do you agree with these criticisms? Do you think that they are applicable to society today?

  3. In what ways was Marx influenced by Hegel? In what ways did his thinking depart from that of Hegel?

  4. If history is governed by social and economic forces and not by ideas, why do you think Marx was so intellectually engaged? Explain your answer fully.

  5. What are Marx’s criticisms of capitalism? Do you believe that they are (a) factually accurate, (b) legitimate? Explain and justify your answers.

  6. Do you agree with Marx’s claims concerning “alienation” and “surplus value”? If so, what do you think is the most powerful criticism of them–and why do you think that it is mistaken? If not, why not?

  7. What is “dialectical materialism”? What are the historical stages that marx identified? Do you believe that his identification of these stages was correct, or not? Explain our answer.

  8. In what way in Marx’s view of history a deterministic view? Explain your answer. Does this mean that people are not masters of how their society is organized? What would Marx’s response be, and do you agree?

  ESSAY Chapter 14

  1. What does Kierkegaard mean by a “leap of faith”? Would such a thing be easy to do?

  2. How is the methodological approach of existentialism similar to that of Marxist philosophy? Explain your answer.

  3. What, for Kierkegaard, are the different Ways of Life, and how are they related?

  4. What does it mean to live an authentic life? Would such a life necessarily be a happy one? Why, or why not? Explain your answer.

  5. How does (a) happiness, and (b) eudaimonia, feature in Kierkegaard’s approach to the question of how to live?

  6. How does Kierkegaard understand subjectivity?

  7. What is Kierkegaard’s conception of truth?

  8. What are the main points of difference between the views of Descartes and Kierkegaard? Illustrate your answer with examples.

  ESSAY Chapter 15

  1. Is science any more objective than religion, according to James? What implications might his view have for current discussions on teaching creationism in science classes? Do you agree with James here?

  2. Do you believe that you have free will? Justify your view, taking into account the arguments of both James and Stace as you do so.

  3. Which of the four major ancient schools of thought is James’ pragmatism closest to? In answering this question you should outline the relevant aspects of each school of thought, and show how it is similar to, or different from, that of James’ pragmatism.

  4. How do the views of James and Peirce differ? Which do you think is the most persuasive, and why?

  5. Do you believe that pragmatism is a subjective approach to philosophy? Explain your answer.

  6. Of the three theories of truth that you have encountered so far in this volume, which do you believe is the most accurate, and why? Explain your answer, outlining each of the three theories of truth as you do so.

  7. Outline the distinction between being healthy-minded and morbid-minded. Do you believe that this is (a) an accurate distinction, and (b) a useful one?

  8. Outline the pragmatic method. Do you think that this would be useful in your own life? Explain your answer.

  ESSAY Chapter 16

  1. In what was way Nietzsche influenced by Schopenhauer’s work? How did his views depart from it?

  2. Do you believe that Nietzsche would have approved of mass movements, such as Nazism or Socialism? Explain your answer.

  3. What did Nietzsche mean when he claimed that “God is dead”? Do you agree with his view here? Explain your answer.

  4. Can you see any positive characteristics of the underman, and any negative characteristics of the overman? If so, how do you think that Nietzsche would respond? If not, why not?

  5. Do you agree with Nietzsche’s criticisms of morality? Why, or why not? is there any particular moral theory that you think might be especially immune to his criticisms? If so, which one–and why?

  6. Do you believe that Nietzsche would have endorsed the pragmatist approach to truth? Why, or why not?

  7. In what way is Nietzsche a modern philosopher, in the sense of “modern” outlined in this chapter? In what way does he reject modernity?

  8. What is the “will to power”? Do you agree that this is a significant motive force in persons’ lives? Why, or why not?

  ESSAY Chapter 17

  1. What is it to live a distinctively “human” life? In answering this question you should draw on Heidegger’s work. Do you believe that he was right?

  2. How was Heidegger’s approach to ontology influenced by the work of Aristotle?

  3. Do you believe that a person’ own life can be divorced from his or her philosophical work? Argue for your answer, drawing as you do on the lives and works of Nietzsche, Wittgenstein, and Heidegger.

  4. Why did Wittgenstein believe that he had solved all the problems of philosophy, and why did he change his mind?

  5. Who are the “they”, and what are “they” contrasted with? Do you believe that there is anything objectionable to being one of “them”?

  6. How is Heidegger’s view of death similar to, and different from, that of Epicurus?

  7. What is Heidegger’s attitude towards technology? Do you share it? Why, or why not?

  8. What are the main differences between analytic and Continental philosophy? Do they share any characteristics? If so, what? If not, why do you think this is?

  ESSAY Chapter 18

  1. Outline Singer’s response to the problem of famine relief. Do you agree with him, or not? Explain and justify your answer.

  2. Do you believe that human life is more “sacred” than that on a dog? Do you believe this in all cases¾even in cases where the human being is severely impaired? Explain and justify your answer.

  3. Do you believe that philosophers have a social responsibility to advocate for wise public policy decision? Why, or why not? Offer examples of persons who have done so in answering this question.

  4. In what way are persons “forced to be free”? Is this a good thing, or not? Do you believe that it is actually the case?

  5. What ancient influences can you detect in the philosophy of both Sartre and Nussbaum?

  6. Do you believe that steps should be taken to make the profession of philosophy more inclusive? If so, why? If not, why not? In either case justify your answer.

  7. Is ethical theory of any use in real life? Explain and justify your answer.

  8. Do you believe that wisdom is found only by reason? Why, or why not? In answering this question you should draw on the views of some of the philosophers discussed throughout this text.